Contents: Integration-Ready Architecture and Design by Jeff Zhuk


Integration-Ready Architecture and Design

Software Engineering with XML, Java, .NET,
Wireless, Speech and Knowledge Technologies

Cambridge University Press, Jeff Zhuk, 2004.

Contents

Introduction


Chapter 1
Enterprise Applications and Global Collaborative Engineering

Management Style as an Important Part of the Development Process: True Leaders versus “Pure” Managers
Development Methodologies: Capability Maturity Model (CMM), RUP, Agile, and more
Extreme Programming: Rules of the Game
Six Sigma
Distributed Collaborative Development
Distributed Knowledge Technologies
24x7 Distributed Development Practices
Steps in the Process
- What Is Your Development Mode: Proactive or Reactive?
- Basic Development Roles
- The Role of the Software Architect
- Basic Steps of the Development Process with Object-Oriented Approach
- Start from User Requirements and Transit to Use Cases
- Object-Oriented (or/and Aspect-Oriented) Analysis.
- Make a transition to objects and classes
- Use UML to capture and communicate analysis results
- Talk in Java and C++ about Employee in the Payroll Scenario
- Learn by example: Compare OOP and Procedural Programming
- OOP Has Its Limits

UML Notations
Example of Object-Oriented Analysis:
- Create an OMD for Document Services
- Create the DocumentService Model
- Create the Document Model
Architecture steps: find playground-tiers for your objects
- From Single-User to Client-Server and Multi-tier Architecture Models
Basic Design Steps and Rules
- Recognize Reusable Services and Shared Data
- Use Design Patterns
- Design: Strategy and Tactical Considerations
  - Strategy Points
  - Tactical Points
- Code with Style and Conduct Code Reviews
- Use Technologies, Not Long Meetings, to Keep the Whole Team on the Same Page
- Share Your First Results with a Client; Try to Make the Client a Part of Your Team
Instead of a Summary: How Direct Access to Products and Services Improves the Balance of Supply and Demand


Chapter 2
Software Architecture and Integration Technologies

Software architecture – the center place of software development
Architectural elements, styles, views, and languages

Basic elements of software architecture: containers, components, and connectors.
Architecture styles:
- Client-Server Architectural styles
  - Layered Client-Server
  - Representational State Transfer (REST)
  - Model-View-Controller design pattern
  - Service Browsers and Interaction Scenarios
- Data-Flow architectures (batch files, pipes).
- Procedure based architectures (call-back, RPC, library based APIs, DLLs)
- Synchronous and Asynchronous Architectures
- Service-Oriented Architecture
  - XML Web services
- Event-driven architectures
  - User Interfaces and Middleware
  - Observer design pattern; Publish/Subscribe mechanisms
  - Messaging mechanisms (IBM MQ, Sun JMS, MSMQ)
- Shared Information (Collaborative) Systems
- Data-centered architectures (Databases, Oracle Application Server)
- Distributed, de-centralized (DECENT) architectures (Jini, JXTA, GRID)
- Knowledge-Driven Architecture.
Architectural Views: connections, data, and processing
Architecture Definition Languages (ADL): Darwin, UniCon
Programming Styles
- Procedural programming
- Object-Oriented programming
- Aspect-Oriented programming
- Generative Programming
Integration Technologies
- Reusable Components: from DLLs To Web Services
- Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) and ActiveX
- CORBA and IDL
- Microsoft’s Distributed COM Architecture
- Java Technology Architecture
- Java Applet
- The Java Bean Architecture
- J2EE Architecture
- Java Server Pages
- The Enterprise Java Beans Architecture
  - EJB Home and Remote Interfaces
- The Java RMI architecture.
- The bridge from Java to CORBA technology.
- From components to services
  - Vertical and horizontal services
- XML Web Services.
- XML-based service API example.
- ebXML
- XML-based communications in J2EE application. Example.
  - Additional Benefits: Ability to Add or Change Services at Run-Time
  - How Can We Register a New Web Service?
  - How Should We Describe Web Services?
  - Is There a Mechanism to Pack Both Data and Services into a Message?
  - How Do Software Vendors Support Web Services?
Chapter 3
From a Specific Task to “Integration-Ready” Components
- User Requirements, Version 1: The “News Watch” Applet
  - The Applet Starts with an HTML Page
  - In a Web Browser’s Hands
  - Writing an Applet
  - How to Avoid a Flicker Effect in the Moving Line
  - Applet Life: The init(), start(), and stop() Methods
  - Who Runs the Show?
  - Off-Screen Graphics Are Smooth Graphics
  - Java Painting Habits: update() and paint()
  - What If We Want to Change the Information Running in the NewsLine Applet?
  - Done with the Single Applet Source Code? This Was Just the Beginning
- User Requirements, Version 2: The Reusable NewsLine Component
  - Create A Reusable Applet/Application Container.
  - The Applet Portion of the Code
  - Build the GUI in the Reusable Portion of the Code
  - The Application Portion of the Code: The main() Method
  - How Do We Make It All Work? Starting Points
  - What Software Do You Need? Build Your Environment
  - Test It Now
- User Requirements, Version 3: View Multiple Web Information Channels in the NewsLineComponent
  - Starting the ControlComponent
  - Dispatching Events: Alternatives and Solutions
  - Continue with the ControlComponent Class
  - Start the Integration Party: Put It All Together in the Container
  - Implement the Universal dispatch() Method in a Specific Way
  - Add the main() Method and an Application Flavor to This Container
  - Put It All Together!
- Integration-Ready Service Components and Extensible Service Containers
- An XML-Based Configuration File
- Start from the Parameters for a Single Component
- How Would We Use XML-Based Parameters While Building Components?
  - Free Components from Any Knowledge of Their Container
  - The WebNewsContainer Class
  - Whether It Is an Applet or an Application, The WebNewsContainer Will Perform the Same Duties According to Its XML Configuration
  - Describe Component Properties and Methods’ Behavior!
  - The Container Knows Nothing about Component Specifics
  - How Can We Assign Event Handlers to Potential Sources of Events?
- Event-Handling Procedure
- What Is the dispatch() Method for, and How Do We Define Its Function?
  - Remove Hard-Coded Behavior from the dispatch() Method
- Provide the Possibility of Interactive Components (Event Handling)
- The ControlComponent Class Description
- Reuse, Not Abuse
Chapter 4
Integration with Voice Components
- What Is the Base for Creating a Voice Component?
  - This Is the Primary Method of Customizing Voice Behavior
  - How Does Speech Synthesis Work?
- How Are Voice Components Coded?
Chapter 5
An Introduction to Knowledge Technologies

Ontology
- DAML+OIL: A Semantic Markup Language for Web Resources
- Topic Maps
- Data Mining Process and Methods
- Frames and Slots
- The CycL Language
  - Cyc Technology: Current Status and Projections
  - What Is CycL? How Hard Is It to Learn and Use This Promising Language?
  - Is CycL Flexible Enough to Express Complicated Logic? Can We Build Efficient Systems Based on the Language?
  - What Is the Basic Structure of the Cyc Knowledge Base?
  - What Is The Syntax of CycL? Constants and Predicates
  - CycL Has Functions
  - Use Variables and Logical Connectives to Create New Rules
  - Assertions and Microtheories
  - Can Cyc Understand the Concept of “Events”?
  - How Do We Attach Events to the Things Involved?
  - Cyc Answers Questions
- How to Begin with OpenCyc
  - How to Include OpenCyc in a Bigger Picture of Your Distributed System
  - OpenCyc in the Knowledge Container Architecture
Chapter 6
Write Once: From a Dream to Reality
- Multiple Types of Application Data Storage
- Control Systems and Controllers
  - In the Robot’s World
  - Control in the Messaging System
- Document-Handling Services
  - Distinguish Data from Reference Information
  - XML Descriptor and Document Services
Chapter 7
The New Generation of Client-Server Software
- What Are the Best Ways to Provide Client Functionality?
- Thin Clients
  - Making Thin Clients Smarter – and Fatter
  - Extend HTML Pages with Reusable JavaScript
  - Add Smarts to Thin Clients
  - Scenario for Multiple Object Roles and Actions
- Multiple Scenarios
- Synchronous or Asynchronous Client-Server Communication
- Example of XML Multiple-Screen Scenario
  - The Client Wants to Play New Games
  - The Client Claims Independence
  - Client Types
- Good Performance Follows Good Design
- Keep a Stable API While Changing Communication Mechanisms
- Add OpenOffice Features to Rich Clients
  - The Client Becomes a Peer
  - Client Administration
  - More on Rich Clients
- How Much Abstraction Is Too Much?
Chapter 8
Fundamentals of Wireless Technologies
- Wireless XDMA, GSM, and Other Standards
- 802.11 and WLANs
  - How a WLAN Secures a Client’s Traffic
- Bluetooth Technology
- SMS: The Most Popular Wireless Service
- What Is WAP?
  - What Difference Does WAP2.0 Make?
  - How Does WAP Work?
  - What Is the WAP Gateway?
Chapter 9
Programming WAP Applications
- Rethink the Existing Web Page Paradigm in WAP Terms
- What Is a Presentation Factory and How To Create One?
- Programming WAP/WML Pages
- Secure Transactions with WML Factory
- Creating Links and Forms in WML
- A Unified Solution for WML, HTML, and Other Presentation Factories
- The Login Screen
- A Powerful WML Tag - template
- Is Data Size Too Big for a Device? -Not a Problem!
- Simplify Wireless Access with Digital Identity
- Read Email with Attachments on a Wireless Device
- Check Security Status via Wireless Phone
- WAP Push
- WAP Devices and Web Services
Chapter 10
A JavaCard Technology: A Single Key for All Doors and Services
- What Is a Smart Card?
- What Is a JavaCard?
- Why Do We Use Multiple Keys?
- Can We Have a Single “Identity Key”?
- How to Program JavaCards
- What Are JavaCard’s Programming Limitations?
- The javacard.framework Package for JavaCard Programming
- Writing a Sample JavaCard Applet: VirtualCurrency
  - VirtualCurrency Data Structures
  - VirtualCurrency Applet Standard Methods
  - VirtualCurrency Application: Specific Methods
  - JavaCard-based matrix of membership roles and privileges
  - VirtualCurrency Review
  - Security Considerations
Chapter 11
The J2ME Family for SMS and Instant Wireless Messaging Applications
- The MIDP
- How Do We Display Screens and Handle Events?
- Multimedia on Wireless
- What Are MIDlets?
- Can We Store Data On Mobile Devices?
- Midlet Security
- Can We Push from a Server to the MIDP Device?
- Wireless Messaging with SMS and Other Protocols
- Wireless Messaging Client Application
  Use Cases, or the Big Picture
  Invest Analysis Time and Cut Development Efforts; Shrink the Number of Use Cases
  The Actor MIDlet Show
  The Messenger Code: Handling Incoming Messages
  How Is Persistence Provided for Multiple Types of Records?
  Wireless with or without a Phone
  Wireless Actors in a Play
Chapter 12
Speech Technologies on the Way to a Natural User Interface

What Is a Natural User Interface?
Speaking with Style
Java Speech API Markup Language
JSML Factory as One of the AVIFactory Implementations
Speech Synthesis Markup Language
From SSML to JSML
Play JSML

Speech Recognition with Java
The Java Speech Grammar Format
Improving Sphinx Recognition Rate with Training

Microsoft Speech SDK
Volume
Rate
Pitch
Emph
Voice

Speech Technology to Decrease Network Bandwidth
Standards for Scenarios for Speech Applications
Speech Application Language Tags
A Spoken Message Scenario

Grammar Definition
VoiceXML
What Is VoiceXML?
Main Components of Speech Recognition Systems
What Is the VoiceXML Architecture, and How Does It Work?
How Does the VoiceXML Document Look Like?
A List of VoiceXML Elements
Service Order with VoiceXML Example
Play Audio and Transfer Phone Calls with VoiceXML
Listen to E-Mail Messages with VoiceXML
Compose and Send a New Message with VoiceXML in-line grammar rules
SSML Elements in VoiceXML
Record Audio and Accept Telephone Keys with VoiceXML

ECMAScript
ECMAScript in VoiceXML Documents

Grammar Rules
The VoiceXML Interpreter Evaluates Its Own Performance
VoiceXML Interpreter’s Resources and Caching
Metadata in VoiceXML Documents

Chapter 13
Integration of Software and Knowledge Engineering

Why Are Computers Stupid? What Is Missing?
Knowledge Integration Participants, Processes, and Products
Fortunately, We Do Not Need to Start from Scratch
The Growing Basket of Knowledge: Layered Information

Connect Software and Knowledge Technologies
The Knowledge Connector
What Are the Main Goals of the Knowledge Connector Package?
Object Model Diagram
Formatting and Presentation Layers
The Magic of Service Invocation

How To Play XML Scenarios
Video and Audio Factories
Formatting Cyc Responses
How Do These Classes Work Together?

What Does It Mean to Play a Scenario?
Do You Want to Be a Scenario Writer?
Application Scenario Language (ASL)
Learn by Example: How to add knowledge to Knowledgebase
Can a New Topic Serve as a Parent-Umbrella for More Objects?
Can We Change the Order of a Scenario?
Executable Acts of a Scenario
Explore the Cyc API
How to Set Your World
User Authentication with the Login Scenario

Installing and Running the Package

Chapter 14
Distributed Life in the JXTA and Jini Networks

Distributed Processing and the Flat World of XML
What Is JXTA?
JXTA Protocols
JXTA Features in a Nutshell
P2P Communications Means Pipes. What Is a Pipe?
Peer Groups and Services
Advertisements
Peer Advertisements
Peer Group Advertisements
Module Class Advertisements
Module Specification Advertisements
Module Implementation Advertisements
Pipe Advertisement Schema and Example
JxtaUnicast
JxtaUnicastSecure
JxtaPropagate

JXTA Configuration
Setup JXTA Configuration Parameters with and without GUI

The PeerGroupManager and SearchManager classes from the instantp2p JXTA package

Jini

Javaspaces: Flow of Objects and Loosely Coupled Processes

JXTA and Jini: Just Neighbors or Collaborators?

Appendix 1: Java and C#: A Saga of Siblings

Java Virtual Machine and Common Language Runtime
Garbage Collection and Performance
Java and C# Basics: Keywords from “abstract” till “while”
From Basics to the Next Level on the Java/C# Programming Trail
Exceptions: Java Is Strict, C# Is More Liberal
Class Inheritance: Java Says “Extends” and C# Says “:”
Interfaces: Java Says “Implements” and C# Still Says “:”
Java and C# Languages Allow Us to Use True Polymorphism, But…
Packages: Java Says “Package” and C# Says “Namespace”
Final (Not Modifiable): Java Says “Final” and C# Says “Sealed”
Java Says “Instanceof” and C# Says “Is”
Java Says “Synchronized” and C# Says “Lock”
Java and C#, Unlike C++, Disallow Global Methods
Java Says “main,” C# Says “Main.”
Different defaults for data and method access
Networking and File Access in Java and C#
Java and C# Sockets
The ServiceThreadExample serves an XML-based service request
More Ways to Create Sockets in C#

Perform Services Using Java Reflection
Perform Services Using Reflection in C#
Handling XML Scenarios with C#
Graphical User Interfaces in Java and C#
Commonly Used Layout Managers

From a Hard-Coded to a Flexible Set of Reusable Services
Java GUI with Swing Classes: The ServiceBrowser Example
Building GUI in C# with Windows Forms
Unified Terms to Define GUI: XUL and Views XML
JDK 1.5 Makes Programming Simpler

Appendix 2: XML and Web Services

XML Extends the Web and Builds a Playground for Its Children
XML describes business rules and data structures; XSLT and XPath describe their transformations
XML Provides Direct Hooks to Services on the Web
SOAP, WSDL, and UDDI
Interactive Web with XForms
XML in Voice Applications
XML Drives Semantic Web and Knowledge Technologies
XML Web Services
Web Services at Work
Encode Service Requests with SOAP
Describe Web Services with WSDL
Publish and Discover Web Services with UDDI

Business Process Execution Language for Web Services

Appendix 3: Source Examples

Why and How People Are Getting into Collaborative Services
The File Upload Service for the Collaborative Site
File Management Interface, Java Servlet, and JSP Examples
The MIME Multipart/Related Content-type; RFC 1867
Use System Properties to escape hard-coded path definitions

Working with Geographical Information Systems
How Do We Read, Write, and Draw a Mixture of Graphics and Data
Using the Factory and the Abstract Factory Design Patterns
Working with Bits and Bytes: The Little Endian and the Big Endian
Reading AutoCad vector graphics

JNDI: What, Why, and How?
JNDI Properties
Using JNDI to resolve DNS, for example, in mail servers

Instant Screen Share
Instant Voice Share with JMF
Security Monitoring
Java Messaging Services (JMS): A New Way to Think of Applications
Create Speech Recognition and TTS Applications in C#
Spam and Spam Killers

SMTP Simplicity Plays a Bad Joke with Mail Servers

Spammers abuse non-secure servers

Dial-Up Spammers

Prevent unauthorized usage of mail servers

Rule out spam messages on the server side

Rule-based content filtering

Improving efficiency and reliability of your email server

Create a distributed knowledge system and join educational/knowledge alliances
A happy ending